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Source: The World Factbook
| Area: | 7,686,850 sq km |
| Capital: | Canberra |
| Geographic coordinates: | 27 00 S, 133 00 E |
| Climate: | Generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north |
| Government: | Democratic, federal-state system recognizing the British monarch as sovereign |
| Currency: | Australian dollar |
| Literacy(%): | 100 |
| Languages: | English, native languages |
| Ethnicity/race: | mainly Caucasian, Asian, aboriginal and other |
| Religions: | Anglican, Roman Catholic, other Christian, non-Christian |
| Population(million) | 19.91[04] |
| Population growth rate(%) | 0.9[04] |
| Net migration rate per 1000 | 3.98(est)[04] |
| GNI, Atlas method (current US$ billion) | 430.5[03] |
| GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 21,650[03] |
| Currency (per US$) | 1.5419[03] |
| GDP: purchasing power parity(PPP) (US$ billion) | 571.4(est)[04] |
| GDP growth (annual%) | 3[04] |
| GDP - PPP per capita (US$) | 29000(est)[04] |
| Sources: World Factbook, CIA |
| Industries: | Mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals, steel. |
| Natural resources: | Bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, mineral sands, lead,zinc, diamonds, natural gas, petroleum. |
Trade & Investment Statistics | |
| Foreign direct investment (US$ billion) | 7.9[03] |
| Direct investment abroad (US$ billion) | 14.29[03] |
| Source: OECD International Direct Investment Database. | |
| Imports (US$ billion) | 82.91[03] |
| Exports(US$ billion) | 68.67[03] |
| Source: CIA World Factbook |
| Imports: | Machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines, telecommunication equipment and parts; crude oil and petroleum products. |
| Import partners: | US, Japan, China, Germany, UK |
| Exports: | Coal, gold, meat, wool, alumina, iron ore, wheat, machinery and transport equipment. |
| Export partners: | Japan, US, China, South Korea, New Zealand, UK |
R&D Output | |
| High technology Exports million dollars | 1624[99] |
| High technology exports % of manufactured exports | 16.5 [00] |
R&D expenditure | |
| GERD as a % of GDP | 1.62[02-03] |
| GERD (Aus $million) | 12250.6[02-03] |
GERD expenditure by sector | |
| Business (Aus $million) | 5978.6[02-03] |
| Government (Aus $million) | 2482[02-03] |
| Education (Aus $million) | 3430[02-03] |
| Private (Aus $million) | 360[02-03] |
GERD - Source of funds | |
| Business (Aus $million) | 5688[02-03] |
| Government(Aus $million) | 5437.6[02-03] |
| Foreign(Aus $million) | 523[02-03] |
| Others(Aus $million) | 602[02-03] |
BERD & GDP | |
| BERD as a % of GDP | 0.78[03-04] |
| BERD (Aus $ million) | 5545.5[03-04] |
R&D Output/Innovation | |
| Patents granted to residents(per million people) | 68[00] |
| Receipts of royalties and license fees(US$ per person) | 15.5[02] |
| Labor force in million | 10.19(est)[04] |
| R&D personnel (no of persons) | 95,254 [00] |
| Business enterprise R&D personnel | 30389 [03/04] |
| Researchers as % of labour force | 0.67 [98] |
| Researchers(FTE) | 66099[03] |
| Labor force in million | 10.19(est)[03-04] |
| Business enterprise R&D personnel (headcount) | 30389[03-04] |
| Researchers (Total):(person years) | 71613[01-02] |
| Annual tele- communication investment (million US$) | 4,663 [01] |
| Television equipped households in million | 7.20 [02] |
| Number of PCs in Millions(penetration% given in brackets) | 11.11 [56.5%][02] |
| Number of PCs (millions(penetration)) | 11.11 [56.5] [01/02] |
| Fixed phones (millions (penetration%)) | 10.82(54.8)[02/03] |
| Mobile phone(millions (penetration%)) | 14.35[71.90][02/03] |
| Internet users(millions (penetration%)) | 10.63(53.9)[02/03] |
| Internet hosts(million) | 2.85[02/03] |