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Internationalization Indicators

Human Resources

• R&D Personnel summary with the latest data
• Business Human Resources
• R&D Personnel -statistics and related indicators
• Chart: R&D Personnel in 1997
• Chart: Secondary schooling (years 1998-2000)
• Productivity GDP(PPP) employed for 1995 to 1998
• Compensation-Output in US foreign affiliates
• Chart: Compensation-Output in US foreign affiliates

Human capital is heterogeneous: no single type of attribute can adequately represent the many human characteristics that bear on the economy and society. While the level of individuals’ skills, knowledge and competencies can be taken to represent the "stock" of human capital at any one time, these various attributes cannot be easily quantified.

Human resources in science and technology (HRST) are defined according to the Canberra Manual (OECD and Eurostat, 1995) as a person fulfilling one of the following conditions:

• Successful completion of tertiary-level education.
• Not formally qualified as above, but employed in an S&T occupation where the above qualification is normally required (corresponding to professionals and technicians – ISCO-88 [International Standard Classification of Occupations] levels 2 and 3 and also certain managers, ISCO 121, 122 and 131).
• Japan has the highest number of researchers relative to the labour force, followed by the United States