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Notes on Statistics
Internationalization Indicators
General notes on Statistics
There are no internationally accepted set of indicators to measure internationalization activity. So, in this section effort has been made to collect relevant statistics on APEC economies to understand Internationalization of Science and Technology in APEC region. The main source for the data are:
- National Science and Technology agencies of individual APEC economies
- Industry associations and societies in 21 APEC economies
- World Development Indicators (World Bank) [URL: www.worldbank.org/]
- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) [URL: www.unesco.org/]
- UNCTAD - United Nations Conference on Trade and Development [URL: www.unctad.org/]
- UN-ESCAP
- International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- OECD - ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT [URL: www.oecd.org]
- Institute for Management Development
- World Resources Institute [URL: www.wri.org/]
- International Telecommunication Union [URL: www.itu.int]
- Netsizer [URL: www.netsizer.com/]
- Netcraft [URL: www.netcraft.com/]
- ISC - Internet Software Consortium [URL: www.isc.org/]
- Global research firms such as Global Reach, Scope Communications Group (NUA Surveys), Webreference.com and Commerce.net
- Private discussion papers from fellow researchers
The data for APEC economies vary widely. For example area of Russia is 250 thousand times that of Singapore. So, log scales are used to plot some of the data. Further some are estimated values and have to be used with caution. The data received also depends on the source and definition. For example Researcher has so many different definition. The value will change depending on the definition.
The collected data is presented in the form of tables and graphs under different headings.