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Notes on Statistics
Investment in knowledge is by nature much more difficult to measure. A rough indication can be gained by including public and private spending on higher education, expenditure on R&D and investment in software. Investment in knowledge accounts for about 4.9% of APEC-wide GDP and would exceed 10% if education expenditure for all levels was included in the definition of investment in knowledge.
| Member Economy | Total Investment in Knowledge (as % of GDP, 1998) | R&D (as % of GDP, 1998) | Software (as % of GDP, 1998) | Expenditure on higher education (as % of GDP, 1998) |
| Australia | 3.9 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
| Brunei | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Canada | 4.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 |
| Chile | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| China | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Hong Kong | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Indonesia | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Japan | 4.7 | 3 | 1.1 | 0.6 |
| Korea | 5.2 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 2.2 |
| Malaysia | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Mexico | 1.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
| New Zealand | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Papua New Guinea | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Peru | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Philippines | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Russia | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Singapore | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Chinese Taipei | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Thailand | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| USA | 6 | 2.6 | 1.5 | 1.9 |
| Viet Nam | ... | ... | ... | ... |