asia pacific economic cooperation - internationalization of industrial science and technology

Dynamics of co-operation

This section contains data on the following:

Co-operation and competition with locals and technology alliances
A very large increase in the number of technology agreements has been noticed since 1980 in the newer fields of technology. New strategic forms of technical co-operation agreements like late acquisitions and 'greenfield' investments, have appeared. Overseas R&D units conduct different types of R&D such as: product customization/adaptation; application development; technology scanning; experimentation; and lastly product development.

An APEC-IST survey was carried out by the International R&D Cooperation Division, Agency of Industry Science and Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Japan in 1999, to study the R&D internationalization in industrial sector among APEC economies. The response from industries on the co-operation and competition issues for different economies are presented in Table 3.

Channels for cooperation:

Joint ventures and minority ownership, Acquisitions, Direct placement or "greenfield" investments, Collaborative agreement, Virtual R&D efforts, are some of the channels for cooperation discussed in this chapter.