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APEC Survey
Table 2 Encouraging/Discouraging factors
Score 10 means all respondents find the factor highly encouraging; 0 - corresponds to neutral response by all respondents;
Score -10 (minus ten) means all respondents find the factor highly discouraging
|
Australia |
Chile |
China |
Hong Kong, China |
Indonesia |
Japan |
Korea |
Malaysia |
New Zealand |
Philippines |
Russia |
Singapore |
Chinese Taipei |
Thailand |
USA |
||
|
A |
Communication, Language and culture |
|||||||||||||||
| 1 |
Understanding the parent company's policies & practices |
1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 2 | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 2 | ||||
| 2 |
Technology / knowledge transfer |
2 | -2 | -3 | 1 | -2 | 2 | -1 | -3 | 1 | 3 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | |
| 3 |
Cultural adaptation between expatriates and local researchers/ engineers/ technicians |
1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | |||||
| 4 |
Language and verbal communication |
2 | 1 | -3 | -1 | -2 | -3 | -2 | 2 | -1 | 1 | -2 | 2 | |||
|
B |
Special treatment for New enterprises |
|||||||||||||||
| 5 |
Special tax and other tariff concessions for new enterprises |
2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | -1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -3 | |||
| 6 |
Preference on licensing agreements |
-1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | ||||
| 7 |
Special depreciation or investment allowances for tax purposes |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | -1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | ||||
| 8 |
Export/ Import concessions for machinery, equipment and spare parts to be used in the new enterprise |
-1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
|
C |
Regulations (operational) |
|||||||||||||||
| 9 |
Regulations on organization, ownership and management |
1 | -2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | ||||||
| 10 |
Regulations regarding remittances of profits, royalties and technical assistance fees |
-2 | -3 | 1 | -2 | 1 | -4 | 1 | -2 | 2 | -1 | 1 | -3 | |||
| 11 |
Requirement that component parts of an assembled product be manufactured in the country. |
1 | -2 | -3 | 2 | -2 | 2 | -1 | 1 | -2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | -1 | ||
| 12 |
Export/ Import regulations |
-1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | -2 | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | ||||
| 13 |
Regulation of the establishment, expansion, manufacture, distribution and diversification |
1 | -2 | 1 | -2 | -2 | -2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | -1 | |||||
| 14 |
Price controls or limitations on profits |
-1 | -2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | -2 | |||||
| 15 |
Restrictions of foreign investments to certain fields |
-1 | -2 | -2 | 3 | -3 | 1 | -2 | -2 | -1 | -1 | -3 | -1 | 1 | ||
| 16 |
Ownership or occupation of land by foreign entities |
-1 | -1 | -3 | -2 | -1 | 2 | -1 | -3 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 4 | |||
| 17 |
Insistence on local equity participation |
-1 | -2 | -1 | 2 | 1 | -2 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
|
D |
Taxation and other tariffs |
|||||||||||||||
| 18 |
Income tax and other taxes for enterprises |
-3 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | -2 | 2 | 1 | -1 | ||||||
| 19 |
Social security legislation |
-2 | -1 | 1 | 1 | -3 | 1 | 3 | -2 | |||||||
| 20 |
Special export tax concessions |
1 | 2 | 2 | -1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | |||
| 21 |
Trade agreements which the foreign country has negotiated with other foreign countries |
1 | 1 | 2 | -1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 22 |
Double taxation avoidance agreements |
1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||||
| 23 |
Special taxation of foreign enterprise and personnel |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
|
E |
Treatment and legal issues |
|||||||||||||||
| 24 |
Foreign ownership and control |
2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 1 | -1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | |||
| 25 |
Enforcement of laws and regulations when applied to foreign enterprise |
2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | |||||
| 26 |
Treatment before the law with respect to such matters as property rights, contract enforcement, and right of redress |
2 | -2 | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 2 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | |||
| 27 |
Protection of patents, copyrights and trademarks |
2 | -1 | -1 | -2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5 | |||||
| 28 |
Disparity of local laws with your government laws |
1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
|
F |
Investment environment |
|||||||||||||||
| 29 |
An investment center assisting foreign investors* |
2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | ||||
| 30 |
Financial and other incentives for local and oversea investment |
2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | |||
| 31 |
Multiple exchange rates |
1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||
| 32 |
Investment Guarantee Agreement for convertibility and/or compensation in case of expropriation and/or war risk insurance |
1 | 1 | -1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |||||
| 33 |
Requirements for reinvestment of earnings |
1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||
| 34 |
Availability of capital (funding for R & D etc.) |
1 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |||
| 35 |
Control of capital inflow and withdrawal |
1 | -1 | 3 | -1 | 1 | 2 | -2 | 1 | -3 | 1 | 2 | ||||
| 36 |
Protection and guarantees against expropriation and nationalization |
1 | -1 | -1 | -2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | -3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||
|
G |
Human Resources |
|||||||||||||||
| 37 |
Labour turnover |
2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| 38 |
Employment of foreign man power |
1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||
| 39 |
Recruiting well qualified local talents |
2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | ||||
| 40 |
Loyalty and commitment to company |
1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |||||
| 41 |
Availability of unskilled labour |
1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | |||
| 42 |
Availability of skilled labour |
1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | |||||
| 43 |
Availability of management personnel |
3 | 1 | 3 | -1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | -1 | 5 | |||
|
H |
Infrastructure |
|||||||||||||||
| 44 |
General infrastructure like harbour, storage and transport |
1 | -1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | -2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | ||
| 45 |
Power facilities |
2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |
| 46 |
Telecommunication infrastructure |
1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | -2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 | |
| 47 |
Development of industrial estates |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | |
| 48 |
Ancillary or supporting industrial facilities |
1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||
| 49 |
Housing, recreation and shopping facilities |
2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | ||||||
| 50 |
Health and sanitary facilities |
2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||
|
I |
Government policies and related issues |
|||||||||||||||
| 51 |
Direct government assistance such as financial participation in : building, leasing plants, labour training, and provisions of such associated facilities as housing, power and transport installations |
1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |||
| 52 |
Establishment of free trade zones |
1 | -2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | |||||||
| 53 |
Tendency to establish and promote government-owned companies which compete with private enterprise |
2 | -1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | ||||
| 54 |
Political stability |
1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -2 | 3 | -1 | 4 | |||