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APEC Survey
Problems to be tackled
This section discusses the problems to be tackled after internationalisation. A survey to study the R&D internationalization in industrial sector among APEC economies was carried out by the International R&D Cooperation Division, Agency of Industry Science and Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Japan in 1999. The following problems have been identified as a result of this questionnaire survey and interviews.
- Capital: currency exchange risk, tapping funds, capital budgeting, shortage of capital and others.
- Marketing: international marketing of R&D results, availability of and access to markets.
- Human related issues: culture, management, skills, work attitude, manpower availability and needs, social problems, hesitation to work in less developed economies and the like.
- Restrictions: in national incentives, government policies, procedural problems, corruption.
- Competitiveness among economies: change, availability of reliable partners.
- Lack of internationalization benefits: who benefits, economies of scale, unexpected expenses.
- Co-ordination problems: between small and large enterprises, with parent companies and other subsidiaries, logistics.
- Information bottlenecks: lack of information, inadequate technology transfer techniques.
- Infrastructure: transport facilities, industrial estate development, communication, training facilities.
These problems are discussed in detail in the chapter on Problems to be tackled